Road Rage The Scourge Of AmericaS Roadways Essays - Road Safety

Road Rage: The Scourge Of America'S Roadways Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Road Rage: The Scourge Of America'S Roadways Topic: Road Rage General Purpose: To convince Specific Purpose: To convince the audience to combat "road rage" by increasing driver awareness Thesis Statement: "Road rage" caused by aggressive driving tendencies is a growing epidemic affecting today's roadways, but there is a solution. Ethos: Include myself in my statements. Pathos: Audience should feel horrified at the consequences of road rage. Logos: Cite statistics and research resources. Introduction I. How many of you have ever been in a motor vehicle? Did you know that "motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among Americans 1-37 years old." With the largest % being our age group. (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) II. Many traffic accidents could have been easily prevented if not for the angry menace called road rage. Road rage caused by aggressive driving tendencies is a growing epidemic affecting today's roadways, but there is a solution. Transition 1: As you can see road rage is a serious problem that could potentially affect us all. But many of us have different ideas of the scope of road rage. Body I. You can better combat "road rage" by understanding what it is... A. Road rage or aggressive driving is defined as behavior behind the wheel in which furious drivers lose their temper and engage in risk-taking behavior or attempt to injure or kill another driver or pedestrian over minor traffic disputes. (Dr. Leon James, Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii, further defines road rage by breaking it down into three types) 1. Verbal Road Rage is composed of behaviors such as yelling, swearing, gesturing, honking, and insulting. 2. Quiet Road Rage includes complaining, rushing, competing, and resisting. 3. Epic Road Rage includes cutting off, blocking, chasing, fighting, and shooting. B. You all are thinking that we've all done some of those things, but no one really gets hurt. You can be sure that's exactly what Tracie Alfieri and Narkey Terry also thought. 1. According to a June 2, Newsweek article, Tracie Alfieri became enraged by the manner in which Rene Andrews pulled into her lane. Alfieri tried to pass Andrews on the right then cut in front and hit the brakes causing Andrews to swerve into a stopped tractor resulting in the loss of Andrews' 6 month old unborn child. Tracie Alfieri was convicted this May of vehicular manslaughter and sentenced to 18 months in prison. (Newsweek) 2. In the most commonly cited incident of road rage, which ended in three deaths: Narkey Terry and Billy Canipe became involved in a game of cat and mouse because Canipe was moving too slowly in the left lane. The chase continued at 80 mph for 7 miles in morning rush hour Washington DC traffic until Terry collided with Canipe sending flying metal everywhere. Canipe spun out of control into oncoming traffic killing an approaching George Smythe; Canipe was also killed. The rear axle of Canipe's car flew over the median strip and hit the windshield of Nancy McBrien, killing her instantly. Narkey Terry who had two prior speeding convictions was convicted of two counts of involuntary manslaughter and given 10 1/2 years in prison, which is beyond the Federal guidelines. (Reader's Digest) Transition 2: Even with these alarming examples of highway disaster, many of you still feel removed from the ever growing epidemic of road rage. II. The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety says there is no one profile of an aggressive driver. Many have histories of violence, criminal records or have recently suffered emotional setbacks. The growing numbers of incidents on our roadways are being attributed to people like us, successful men and women with no prior problems. A. A few Statistics on how highway related deaths and aggressive driving are linked. 1. U.S. News reports that the number of aggressive driving incidents have risen by 51% since 1990. (U.S. News) 2. A National Highway Traffic Safety Administration study shows that the number of highway deaths has increased 7% in the last 4 years and that 2/3 of these were caused by aggressive driving behavior. (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) 3. But "in a national survey by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 3/4 of 543 drivers questioned thought their driving skills were above average." (U.S. News) B. Aggressive driving affects us all. 1. "A recent study conducted by the AAA Foundation found that nearly 90% of us have experienced an aggressive driving incident in the past twelve months." (The Subcommittee on Surface Transportation) 2. Are you a safe driver or a crash waiting to happen? Please take a moment to read this Driver Self-Evaluation from the Citizens

Exercise Testing Protocols Essay Example

Exercise Testing Protocols Essay Example Exercise Testing Protocols Essay Exercise Testing Protocols Essay Different exercise protocols prompt different physiological mechanisms before VO2max. This investigation aims to analyse and compare four different tests, both constant load and incremental, in order to determine the most valid and accurate for assessing VO2max. Ten subjects completed four different maximal VO2max tests over a four-week period, with various physiological variables being recorded immediately prior to volitional exhaustion (VO2, RER, lactate and HR).Mean scores for each variable for each test were compared to conclude that in contradiction to current literature, the incremental treadmill test did not elicit the highest VO2, but the incremental cycle ergometer test. Exercise economy and lactate build up were two variables having major implications upon the validity of the four protocols. It is probable that none of the four tests presented a totally accurate VO2max. Several flaws were noted in the data collection procedure and extension studies should be used to support the conclusions drawn.Introduction This investigation involves the comparison of four different exercise tests and their validation in providing quantitative results of VO2max. The tests involved are the: constant load cycle-ergometer test; incremental cycle-ergometer test; multi-stage fitness test and the incremental treadmill test. These tests are all very common in clinical and field fitness testing, therefore the conclusions drawn from this investigation will have direct, practical implications and applications to real world sport.During periods of exercise Hill and Lupton (1923) noted that subjects require additional oxygen to compensate for the additional ATP production and hydrolysis, in relation to rest. They also noted that a plateau occurs in the rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) even though exercise intensity increases, leading them to the assumption that there is a maximal rate of oxygen consumption and utilisation, or VO2max. Hill and Lupton (1924) concluded that circulatory and pulmonary systems being unable to provide sufficient O2 to mitochondria caused VO2max.Later work by Saltin and Strange (1992) supports this view. During regular exercise it is improbable that VO2max will be achieved and so the highest rate of O2 consumption recorded during exercise is known as VO2peak. More contemporary research by Tim Noakes (1996) contradicts Hill and Luptons (1923) theory. He claims that a plateau in VO2 does not always occur, and so he believes a linear relationship between exercise intensity and VO2 is more accurate. Noakes would argue that muscular/peripheral factors are to blame for any incidents of plateau, and that VO2 is not limited.He believes the functions of muscles simply prevent VO2 from increasing further, and therefore VO2max does not exist. The discrediting of Hill and Luptons work by Noakes is based upon the view that Hill only demonstrated experiments that illustrated a plateau and that he did not supply enough experimental evidence to support the theory of the VO2 plateau. The debate between the causes of VO2max as being central/circulatory or peripheral/muscular is generally weighted towards the central argument.According to Wagner (1992), the O2 supply to mitochondria is dependent upon the diffusion gradient, and with Honig et al (1992) proving that the surface area of mitochondria is five hundred times that of the capillaries, the diffusion gradient supports Hill and Luptons theory of circulatory limits to VO2. The more recent beliefs of Noakes are widely criticised by many existing physiologists who claim that Noakes based his ideas on the work of Myers et al (1990) who said that only thirty three percent o f subjects showed a plateau when tested, and that Myers et al only used six subjects, and so it is in fact Noakes work that is unsupported.Froelicher et al (1974) have conducted studies showing variable percentages of subjects actually eliciting a VO2 plateau during exercise, which would support Myers et al (1990). Froelicher et al however, attributed the variances to the protocols used, rather than the inexistence of VO2max, contradicting Myers et al, and moreover, Noakes. Noakes used the absence of a plateau in many cases to promote the idea that VO2 is not limited and would continue to increase with exercise intensity if muscular function did not prevent subjects from continued exercise.Rowell (1986) provides evidence to discredit Noakes by claiming that a plateau is not the only determinant of VO2max, and that Noakes has neglected other physiological indicators that would suggest a maximal VO2. BASES (1997) published a criterion to act as a checklist to aid physiologists in the identification of VO2max. The criterion comprises of: a plateau in VO2; a final respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 1. 15; a final heart rate within 10bpm of predicted maximum; post-exercise blood lactate concentration 8mmol/l; subject fatigue or volitional exhaustion and finally a perceived exertion rating of 19 or greater on a 6-20 Borg Scale.VO2max is often regarded as the most important aspect of fitness due to its benefit to such a wide variety of sports and exercises. Demarie et al (2000) stated that the percentage of VO2max maintained during training is linked to the rate at which physiological adaptations occur. Therefore, the accurate calculation of maximal oxygen uptake is essential for the applied use of designing the most effective training programme to benefit individual athletes.There are many different tests employed by exercise physiologists, sports coaches and physical trainers to assess VO2max in athletes, but as earlier references to the work of Froelicher et al (1 974) illustrates, the protocol for testing VO2max can often influence the results obtained, and whether VO2max or VO2peak is represented. Therefore it is essential that valid and accurate tests be used when assessing VO2max, if the results are to have any reliable and practical function or relevance. This investigation involves the comparison of four exercise tests, each designed to provide accurate VO2max values.The comparison is of validity and therefore, by definition, do the results obtained actually reflect VO2max or are they influenced by physiological responses at high intensity exercise. Research into the physiological demands of these tests and into previous studies involving these tests, is therefore, quite pertinent to this study. Although all tests used in this investigation have the same objective, there are two types of test employed, incremental and constant load, and for each there are different strengths and weaknesses in terms of validity.Incremental tests, accordi ng to Kuipers et al (2003), have a weakness in that stage duration can influence the results. Long stage duration can lead to premature fatigue and volitional exhaustion before VO2max (Crouter et al (2001), therefore, results show VO2peak and are invalid. However Kuipers et al (2003) also say that stage durations between one and six minutes do not influence VO2 plateau and so the tests in this investigation, all of which remain in this time frame, should be immune to such influences.The notion of differences in VO2max values elicited by different tests, is confirmed by Basset and Boulay (2003), who proved that incremental treadmill tests provide significantly higher values than incremental cycle-ergometer tests. Suggesting that cycle-ergometer tests do not accurately reflect VO2max, but reflect VO2peak, hence there could be debate over the validity of VO2max values obtained from them. Kirchoff and Sill (1967) compliment these thoughts with studies providing similar results. Crouter et als (2001) research on premature fatigue could explain this trend.The demands of cycle-ergometer tests are focused entirely on the legs and so lactate build up is concentrated there, hence fatigue of the legs may precede VO2max. Hawley et al (1992) claimed that in their study involving cycle-ergometer tests, 63% of subjects did not reach VO2 plateau due to premature fatigue and volitional exhaustion, caused by acidosis in the legs. Premature volitional exhaustion could also be an invalidating factor of the MSFT, proposed by Leger and Lambert (1982) and developed by Ramsbottom et al (1988).This test comprises of 20m shuttle runs being completed at a gradually increasing pace, set by an audiotape. Several shuttles are completed before a verbal cue from the tape alerts subjects of progression to an increased intensity stage of several more shuttles. With verbal cues preceding the next increment, it has been recognised that subjects do not run until absolute exhaustion, instead many discontinue at a pre-determined target or at the end of a level to avoid the next increment (Wilkinson et al 1998).If such behaviour should lead to sub-optimal performance, then VO2max values translated from the test are not truthful and therefore invalid. This is a predictive VO2max test, which by definition introduces some doubt to the reliability of the test, coupled with sub-optimal performance, the results become unreliable. Another variable of the tests that could influence the value of VO2max obtained is exercise economy (Costill et al 1971).During treadmill exercise, Pokan et al (1995) noticed that mechanical or neuromuscular constraints led to the flattening of tidal volume and maximal pulmonary ventilation as a result of exercise economy. The MSFT will probably be the most affected by exercise economy variances because the ergometers used in the other tests somewhat inhibit inter-subject economy variances, enhancing reliability. This investigation will provide an in-depth discussion into the validity of four VO2max tests.There is ongoing debate in exercise physiological circles into the exact causes of VO2max and the results from this investigation could provide support for the arguments proposed by Hill (1923) or those by Noakes (1995). This study could possibly have an indirect influence on the conclusion of this debate. More practical applications of this test relate to the development of fitness-programmes, which can be dependent upon accurate fitness testing methods. More accurate programmes designed from this research could lead to advancements in the fitness of individual athletes and therefore athletic performance.

Bipolar Disorder Role of Nursing Profession in Care

Bipolar Disorder Role of Nursing Profession in Care With the increasing incidence and prevalence of mental disabilities like bipolar disorders in Australia (Geller. B, DelBello. M, 2008). the nursing profession will have to attain the knowledge and skills required to care for individuals who have bipolar disorder via a multidisciplinary approach across all nursing settings; acute care, aged care, specialist mental health and community settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines disability as â€Å"The inability to engage in any substantial, gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death, or has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months† (World Health Organization, 2010). The term disability is such a broad term, where generally an individual suffering from a disability is known to suffer either mentally or physically. Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that affects an individual’s psyc hological or behavioural patterns and is known to have a long-term affect upon an individual. The Australian Psychology Society, a leader in providing information in regards to mental health issues to the public, defines â€Å"Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, [as] a mental illness that seriously affects the way a person acts, thinks and feels. It is generally characterised by a cycle of mood swings between elation and depression, varying from mild to extreme. Extreme elation is called ‘mania’ † (The Australian Psychology Society, 2010). Bipolar is the sixth leading cause of disability among illnesses and is associated with both high mortality and morbidity costs (Geller. B, DelBello. M, 2008). It affects one in fifty Australians, where gender and age characteristics do not influence the disorder to predominantly affect one of these specific groups (Better Health Channel, 2010). There are a range of factors that contribute to the disorder, w here genetics, biology, lifestyle and environmental factors can all play a role in the development of the disorder (The Australian Psychology Society, 2010). Some of which are explored below: Although the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively researched and proven, research has identified that there is a strong genetic predisposition (Better Health Channel, 2010). Research has shown that â€Å"relatives of people suffering from bipolar illness are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop either depression or manic-depressive illness than the general population† (Bipolar Genetics Collaboration, 2005). One biological theory that has originated suggests that â€Å"brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that help regulate mood, called serotonin and nor-epinephrine are thrown out of balance†, therefore it can trigger and cause an episode of mania followed by depression (Better Health Channel, 2010). Research has shown that environmental factors can also have an impact o n an individual’s susceptibility of developing the disorder. Some evidence suggests that â€Å"this disorder varies seasonally, with mania being more common in spring and depression more prevalent in winter† (The Australian Psychology Society, 2010). Other literature suggests that childhood trauma can contribute to an individual obtaining bipolar disorder (Etain et al, 2008). Lifestyle factors can also exacerbate bipolar disorder and cause an individual to be more susceptible to developing it later in life. Bipolar disorder events of mania and depression can be triggered by the stressors in one’s life where each individual has their own triggers for such events (The Australian Psychology Society, 2010)

Case project analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case project analysis - Assignment Example Thus, taking consideration of these aspects, the report will mostly remain focused towards assessing the statistical data and the types of renewable energy generation plans undertaken by the 27 EU Member States. It will also elaborate the predictions made by the member states till the period of 2020. Eventually, the new technological implementation will require subsequent planning and investment. Thus, this report will also comprise of a planned ‘work breakdown structure (WBS)’ which will assist the project managers and the contractors in accomplishing the project within the provided deadlines. Project deliverability has always been considered as one of the most crucial aspects of project management. It involves the systematic accomplishment of each and every planned stage of the project in an effective manner. The process also gets accompanied by appropriate structuring and engagement of strategic measures by taking help of the various management tools. The necessity of tallying the attained outcomes with perceived project objectives also forms a crucial of the overall management process. Taking consideration of the guidelines mentioned within the European Commission Call for Tenders ENER/C1/504-2009, the stages of this project has been carefully planned (Prestemon, 2011). A brief summary of the deliverables associated with the renewable energy project have been detailed below. Financial planning can be considered as a crucial factor in accomplishing large scale projects due to the fact that they are time bound and completely rely on the availability of resources. Moreover, the successful accomplishment of the project also depends on the performance and the experience levels of the contracting team. Appropriate use of project financial budgeting tools can also be considered as a crucial deliverable for the undertaken contracts

Choose a case study organisation. Make an evaluation of the reward Essay

Choose a case study organisation. Make an evaluation of the reward implementation problem. Offer recommendations that are logical, viable and scheduled. Offer some costings - Essay Example As for the social factors, issues such as immigration, emigration, and poverty are bound to surface. Employment relations in this context refer to the business relationship between employer and the worker(s). Perkins & White (2011) argue that it plays an important role in the motivation of the employees, building the organization’s reputation; ensuring that there is efficiency in the operations; and maximization of output or production and profit margins (Rose, 2008). There are two main approaches to employment relation. Wilkinson &Townsend (2011) elaborates that these approaches are through either collective bargaining or individual bargaining. Individual bargaining is a situation where the employees individually negotiate about working conditions and remunerations with the employers while in the collective bargaining approach they use trade unions to negotiate on their behalf. There is an emerging trend in the workforce that tends to make it flexible. Firms are increasingly employing the technique of employing part time workers or temporary workers instead of permanent workers (Daniels, 2008). This flexibility is perceived to be cheap as it enables companies to meet the demand of consumers and reduces cost of training. However, its disadvantages are lack of security and effective communication. Workers can influence the operations of businesses through the concept of employee participation and industrial democracy. Employee participation encompasses scenario where decisions made by organizations involve the inputs of the employee while industrial democracy entails the modalities workers can incorporate to influence decisions. In any organizations, disputes and conflicts are bound to surface. It is the modalities that companies or firms adopt that play a key role in providing remedy to the disputes/conflicts. In most cases these disputes emanate from issues such as the working,

History of the Fornication Pants Essay Example for Free

History of the Fornication Pants Essay Jeans today are much more than a simple item of clothing; they are a staple, a comfort and an identity. They are not a piece of clothing that is unique to one culture or society; jeans are jeans no matter where you are. Jeans have transcended nationality, race and even war, and yet they are still one of the most ordinary parts of our lives. What many people take for granted is that Jeans have become such a part of their everyday lives that they never stop to think about where they come from, and what they have done for people. Jeans had a humble beginning, a colourful and influential life and have a bright future. They are a part of North American history and culture and have defined many people’s lives. Cotton denim started being produced in North America in the eighteenth century and with the American cotton industry came slave labour. Plantation owners relied on slaves to keep prices down, and in 1860 there were almost four million slaves in the southern United States. (Kyi p.10) Denim got its name from a French fabric woven of silk and wool. The fabric was made in Nimes, France, and as a result it was dubbed â€Å"serge de Nimes†, but when the fabric began being stocked in English stores, it was shortened to â€Å"deNimes† or â€Å"denim†. (Sullivan p.12) At the time, denim was the strongest fabric and was even thought to have been the fabric of choice for the sails of the ships that Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World. (Sullivan p.14) Jean manufacturers buying denim from mills requested dark blue cloth rather than the pale beige offered as it was a colour that would show less dirt and wear. So denim cloth began to be dyed using indigo, but because of the time needed to make the dye it was one of the most expensive dyes in the world. That changed in the 1880’s, when a German scientist by the name of Johann von Baeyer discovered a way to create the same colour in a lab. The colour blue was now much more accessible and cheaper to achieve using the new synthetic indigo dye. (Kyi p.10) There are two Jean companies that played a major part in the production and distribution of the pants at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Levi Strauss Co. and Lee Company. Levi Strauss was born Loeb Strauss in 1829 in Bavaria. After immigrating to the San Francisco, he opened up a whole sale business selling high quality fabrics. He struck it rich during the California gold rush in the 1860’s, but not by finding gold, but by selling his heavy duty work pants. (Kyi p.15) Around the same time in Nevada, a tailor named Jacob Davis, an immigrant from Latvia, was trying to figure out how to make his work pants stronger. Miners were constantly ripping the seams of their denim work pants. Finally while in his barn Davis realised that the copper rivets that were used to reinforce the seams of horse blankets could be used to reinforce pants as well. (Kyi p.18) His pants were a hit, so he contacted his denim supplier, Levi Strauss, to see if he would consider going into business with him and help him purchase a patent. Strauss was convinced and the two applied for a patent in 1873. This was the birth of blue jeans, although they were not called jeans yet. They were still being called high waist overalls or waist overalls. (Kyi p.21) The first cloth called â€Å"jean† was made in Genoa, Italy, and was worn by sailors. In Italian, Genoa is pronounced â€Å"Genes†, but Strauss did not use the Italian fabric and his pants were not worn by sailors so he never used the term â€Å"jeans†. It was not until years after his death that Levi Strauss Co. Began using the word. (Contini p.158) It did not take long for the riveted jeans to catch on, and production began to soar and Strauss invited Davis to move to San Francisco, where the two hired dozens of seamstresses to work in their new factories. To distinguish which pants were his and to demonstrate how strong they were, Strauss had a leather label designed for the back waistband, that showed a pair of jeans tied between two draft horses going in opposite directions. The horses were trying to rip the jeans apart, but the fabric was too strong. The label worked so well that for decades the jeans were known as the Two-Horse brand. (Kyi p.23) In the 1890’s a pair of Levi Strauss’ jeans cost about one dollar US, about the equivalent of twenty dollars US today, which was enough to make Strauss rich. (Sullivan p.18) When he died in 1902, his company was left in the care of his three nephews, who were eager continue the company’s success, but they were facing competition. The patent on riveted pants expired in 1891, and in the early 20th century, a new clothing manufacturer appeared, Henry David Lee. Lee opened H.D. Lee Mercantile Company in Kansas City in 1899, selling fabric and furniture. Soon he opened up his own factory and began producing what would today be recognized as overalls. (Kyi p.25) He then came up with the idea to sew a denim shirt onto a pair of jeans to form a denim coverall. The Lee Union-All was first marketed to men who loved cars as it could be worn over other clothes to keep them clean. In 1913 it was popular with farmers, engineers, and factory workers, and soon became available for women and children. When the American Army was preparing to join WWI, thousands of Lee Union-Alls were ordered for the soldiers as they were found to be more durable than any other clothing. (Kyi p.26) In 1926, the Lee Company revolutionized jeans, by putting a zipper in place of the buttons in the fly to â€Å"ease access†. During the depression Lee Company managed to convince people that Lee jeans would last twice as long as other pants, making them a good investment. The Company even opened up a new factory in 1936. (Kyi p.31) During WWII, wartime rationing led to shortages of blue jeans, and owning them became a status symbol. At that time jeans were only available in North America, but when soldiers set sail for Europe and Asia, jeans were introduced to the rest of the world. (Kyi p.35) For women working in factories during the war, jeans or coveralls with a bandanna became their dress code, partly because of the famous portrait of Rosie the Riveter proclaiming â€Å"We Can Do It† while wearing a denim shirt. (Sullivan p.70) After the war, the young soldiers who came home became the first teen rebels. They no longer wanted coveralls but pants that fitted snugly around the waist more suited to motorcycle riding than farming. (Kyi p.39) This developed a style that was popularized by Hollywood and stars such as James Dean in Rebel without a Cause. (Sullivan p.92) Marilyn Monroe began wearing hip-hugging jeans that became popular for women in the 1950’s, making jeans sexy for women as well as men. (Sullivan p.96) Jeans were now something that you could wear while hanging out with your friends; they were no longer just for working on the farm or in a factory. Parents began to worry that their children were running wild, and jeans were banned in US schools and in churches in England. (Kyi p.41) It seemed as though Brigham Young could see into the future when in the 1830’s he called jeans the â€Å"fornication pant†, appalled at the button fly. (Sullivan p.9) Denim had left behind its army reputation and had become the newest style trend. Hollywood stars such as Marilyn Monroe and Bridget Bardot began wearing them for press appearances and parties, and that’s when the worldwide love affair with denim began. (Sullivan p. 98) Jeans are now a staple of pretty much everyone’s wardrobe in the 21st century. No matter what ethnicity or social class, everyone wears jeans. You see them on movie stars, your teachers, Presidents and Princes, and when you see news footage of a peace rally in Israel; the protestors are wearing jeans. They now come in over 200 sizes and countless styles and washes, with some made for wear on the farm and others perfect for a date on a Friday night. In the 19th century a pair of Levi’s would set a buyer back about $1.50 US, but today the sky is the limit. Jeans vary in price (for adults) from around $20 US at Wal-Mart to a pair of diamond and gold studded jeans that were sold in 2001 in Italy for $500,000 US. (Kyi p.13) Light wash or dark wash, boot cut or flare, diamond studded or embroidered, jeans are jeans, and are a North American icon. Jeans are one of the only pieces of clothing that have survived over ten decade’s worth of styles, and have always looked pretty much the same, and will be around for many more years to come. Works Cited 1.Kyi, Tanya Lloyd. The Blue Jean Book: The Story behind the Seams. New York, New York: Annick Press, 2007. 2.Sullivan, James. Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon. New York, New York: Gotham Books, 2006. 3.Contini, Mila. 5000 Years of Fashion. Secaucus, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1977.

Jeffersonian Democratic Republicans :: History

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Jeffersonian Democratic Republicans were characterized as strict constructionists. Which explains why they wanted the United States to be controlled by the states, not a central government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On August thirteenth eighteen hundred, Thomas Jefferson addressed the nation to let individual know that The United States was much too large to have a central government to direct the affairs of the nation. Meaning that we have the need of state officials and not just the national leaders. Therefore, we have independent states to handle the events and laws within the boundaries of each state. Although at the international level we are as one United Nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January twenty-third eighteen o eight, Jefferson informed Samuel Miller, who was a Presbyterian minister that the United States government could not interfere with a citizen’s religious beliefs. According to what was written in the first Amendment of the Bill of Rights â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† This became effective on December fifteenth seventeen ninety-one. There was nothing that can make one participate in religious exercises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cartoon illustrates the embargo of eighteen o eight and was confusing to the citizens. Because it was stated as the â€Å"Ograbme†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On December ninth eighteen fourteen, Daniel Webster a federalist from New Hampshire, gave a speech to the House of Representatives. His speech addressed the draft. Webster argued that it was not right to â€Å"take children away from their parents, and parents from their children. Jeffersonian Democratic Republicans :: History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Jeffersonian Democratic Republicans were characterized as strict constructionists. Which explains why they wanted the United States to be controlled by the states, not a central government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On August thirteenth eighteen hundred, Thomas Jefferson addressed the nation to let individual know that The United States was much too large to have a central government to direct the affairs of the nation. Meaning that we have the need of state officials and not just the national leaders. Therefore, we have independent states to handle the events and laws within the boundaries of each state. Although at the international level we are as one United Nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January twenty-third eighteen o eight, Jefferson informed Samuel Miller, who was a Presbyterian minister that the United States government could not interfere with a citizen’s religious beliefs. According to what was written in the first Amendment of the Bill of Rights â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† This became effective on December fifteenth seventeen ninety-one. There was nothing that can make one participate in religious exercises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cartoon illustrates the embargo of eighteen o eight and was confusing to the citizens. Because it was stated as the â€Å"Ograbme†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On December ninth eighteen fourteen, Daniel Webster a federalist from New Hampshire, gave a speech to the House of Representatives. His speech addressed the draft. Webster argued that it was not right to â€Å"take children away from their parents, and parents from their children.

Divorce Essay

The Beginning of the End Growing up I always believed divorce was the worst mistake a couple could make. Now that I am older I now have a different view on divorce. My parents divorced when I was seventeen years old, and since going through this experience I view divorce differently. Although most people think of divorce as a negative thing, I think sometimes it turns out to be the best decision for everyone involved. When I was a little girl all I would hear from people is how divorce was wrong and couples should always work out their differences.My parents would always assure me that â€Å"no matter how much we fight, we will never get a divorce†. As the years went on things started changing in my parent’s relationship and we saw their marriage starting to dissolve. My sister and I could see that they were no longer the happily married couple they had been for the past 25 years. Eventually my father’s personality started to change, and he no longer was interest ed in family activities or spending quality time with my sister and I. He was not the dad we had known our whole lives. After realizing his behavioral changes he finally went to go see a professional.After a few sessions with the doctor and many counseling sessions with my mom, my dad was diagnosed with depression. We had already seen first hand what depression could do to a marriage, as his parents had gotten divorced after my dad’s mother was diagnosed with depression. As time went by I saw my father’s depression taking a toll on my mother’s happiness and her daily attitude. I wanted both of my parents to be happy, but was that too much to ask of them to stay together? I knew my father had changed and was not the same man my mom had fallen in love with 25 years earlier.My dad was no longer the fun, ambitious, adventurous guy my mom had met back in college. Instead my dad was bitter, had frequent outburst, and a constant negative outlook on life. When my parent s finally reached the decision to divorce my family knew it was going to be a tough road ahead. Although my sister and I were upset we knew it was for the best, it was just going to take some adjusting. Luckily the divorce was very civil and my parents are still able to maintain a peaceful relationship for the sake of my sister and I. We both know my parents love us and that the divorce had nothing to do with anything we had done.My dad has since gotten help and my sister and I visit him often. He is getting back to the fun, loving, kind man we all knew him to be. Unfortunately, my dad waited to late to make changes in his life to save his marriage. Today, my parents are both in healthy relationships with other people. My sister and I enjoy spending time with both families and feel blessed these new people are in our lives. I had a very negative view on marriage when my parents told me they were divorcing, but since that time I feel not everyone gets divorced and marriage takes a lo t of work.Although the divorce was hard to swallow, it is good to see both of my parents happy again. Now that my parent’s divorce is final everyone seems to be more peaceful and happy with their lives. I am not saying divorce is the right decision for everyone, but I am saying depending on the situation sometimes it is the best choice. I have learned through my experience not to judge others that are divorced because everyone’s situation is different. I feel my parents made the right decision for our family and I am a stronger, and happier person as a result.

New enterprise operation

Once firms understand the issues involved coming up with an effective strategy, they should therefore evaluate their internal strengths and weakness as well as opportunities in the environment.   This is summarized as SWOT analysis which refers to strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. Therefore good analysis of these key factors will put a company in a better position of healthy competition in a global business environment.Therefore, I have critically and categorically provided a detailed analysis of the following   papers: the paper on strategic planning in some empirical findings (SMEs) and a paper on growth, Entrepreneurship, structural change, time and Risk.   The first paper on strategic planning tries to bring some insight to entrepreneurs and business managers.This paper attempts to provide managers and entrepreneurs with a variety of knowledge on how to employ tools of strategic management and planning when operating a business or discovering business opportuni ties to create goods and services.   Mostly it provides some guidelines to small and medium sized business managers and entrepreneurs with strategies to evaluate their strength and weaknesses and opportunities.   Good planning for a business should form the basis part of experiencing high standards of quality results (Anita 2004, pp87-90)The second research paper on growth entrepreneurship, time and risk tries to provide entrepreneurs with some knowledge and guidelines as how to manage risk.   The perception of the entrepreneur on risk analysis and ways of overcoming the risks are also covered in this research paper.Again the paper has elaborately talked about different kinds of risks and the risk return relationships. In summary this research paper-points out how entrepreneurs and managers cope up with the risks that arise in their decisions making and what determines the way they view the risk of their decision.   Otherwise lack of entrepreneurship would create an environm ent where task are taken back to olden days where growth is not achieved or realized.The two research papers have been presented by the use of different research methods of collecting information.   For example, the research paper dealing with strategic planning in SMEs has been provided after a thorough research has been done.   Different methods of data collection have also been used to come up with this documented paper. Research Paper on strategic planning has showed the usefulness of questionnaires as a method of collecting data the so called primary data.   This has helped to provide first hand information on the topic to be researched on.   However, in most of the cases the questionnaires have proved to be misleading especially when it is posted.The person filling in the questionnaire or administering the questionnaire may just decide to provide wrong information or figures especially if quantitative analysis is to be provided.   All the same since oral interview co uld be the best, questionnaire has proved to be best since several questions can be researched and answered at researcher’s convenient time hence time saving.   The questionnaire has covered the whole topic areas and research finding figures have been provided to support or to give further explanations on the topics researched on.   For example table on page 856 of articles by George stone house and Jonathan Perberton.   But the findings ware found to be inaccurate or degree of accuracy was low because of the way in which the questionnaire was filled.The research method used in the second paper on growth entrepreneurship, structural change time and risks in just too theoretical.   Everything was done by extracting information from secondary sources, that is information was obtained either from books, journal or from periodicals.   Though this method seems to be good because a lot of books and other sources are researched on, the research method at times tends to pro vide information which may be outdated.Several books undergo review after every year so the validity of the information provided is questionable.   However, since the researcher has consulted a number of sources then I can say that the method is good.   Very many scholars have also been quoted in the paper showing that the research was detailed or thorough.   An example has been on the analysis of entrepreneur’s perception on risk management.   The weakness of this research paper is that technical meaning of some terms has not been explained elaborately for example where the researcher was talking about types of risks.The mode of presentation also differs in the two papers for example the paper on strategic planning in small and medium size enterprises presents the findings using both qualitative and quantitative thus a mixture of the two methods.   This has clearly come out when the questionnaire was completed and supported using some figures on a table form.The ta ble has shown us the number of those who were consulted and the results obtained.   The figures help in providing us with information on whether the sampled population of people who administered the questionnaire was a representative one that is not biased because sample size should be large enough to provide effective and efficient result.   The table has shown as the number of the companies in both services and manufacturing sectors that uses different kinds approaches of planning (mintzberg, 1990, p 184)On the other hand the paper on growth Entrepreneurship, structural change, time and risk is purely qualitative in nature.   It has been produced after several collections of different scholar’s views and thoughts have been put together.   Nobody was interviewed or consulted during the research so only books or secondary sources of information were researched on.Whether the information is outdated or current we cannot tell .We also realize that a survey has been used in the research paper on strategic planning where the companies researched on were divided into large, medium and small.   This breakdown could intensify the finding therefore making the research to be appropriate and applicable because of good representation.   The survey could also help to determine the type of strategic planning carried out by these companies so that when doing analysis pieces of advices could be given to bring improvement on the business.The research paper on strategic planning acknowledges that the choice of planning strategies defined by a business industry determines the profit the company is going to make.   This paper argues that strategic management involves careful planning; thinking and some frameworks designed which help the mangers of business firms or organizations to improve on the quality of work done.   This was done with restriction to Uks manufacturing and service industry.It has also talked about the differences about the three ambiguou s terminologies used in strategic management.   The three terms are mostly confused since they appear to be same but they are totally different in meaning.   They include strategic thinking, which means that a manager has to think and do brain storming beyond every days operations for him to develop long term vision for the business.   Without the vision then it implies that business would collapse or perform poorly. (Demarest 1997, pp374-384)Another terminology is strategic learning, which involves a system where organizations try to learn about themselves and environment by inventing method goals which are achievable in the long run.   This will rate the company in a global market where it is to compete with other competitors.   So strategic learning involves gathering useful information and skills which the company uses to improve its production.The other term is strategic management which means a combination of procedures managers employ to run the whole business plan for the business in future.   Lastly there is strategic planning which refers to the way a manager is going to implement the objectives in order to achieve his goals and objectives.The other paper on growth entrepreneurship, time and risk talks about the ways on how the entrepreneur manages the risk.   The idea behind this is to maximize the benefits and minimize threats in the environment inorder to improve the business.   The paper has also given us some strategies that can be used to minimize risks. For example the use of division of labor as a way of distributing risks around different levels.Role of entrepreneurship in social capital and growth has been discussed in the paper whereby we find out that entrepreneurship expands institutional development and social capital accumulation.     Social capital accumulation encourages them distribution.   Therefore in brief entrepreneurship has brought positive changes or growth in business and expansion of social capital.Thi s second paper also talks about how uncertainty affects growth and how entrepreneurs cope with risks.   The risk should be minimized to avoid unnecessary losses in business set up.   In short the paper has shown us the way the entrepreneurs should react to risks, social capital and uncertainties as a way of creating structural changes in a business environment. (Holcombe, 1998, pp 45-60).Even though the two papers have exhausted the ways entrepreneurs and managers can improve the business, I suggest there is one area they have not talked about.   This is in the area of strategy development and implementation.   This is where firms should come up with a means of evaluating their internal strength and weakness as well as the opportunities and threat in the environment.   This is what is called SWOT analysis which refers to strength, weakness, opportunities and threats.   They should also identify critical success factors like choosing on the task that can be done particula rly to achieve the stated operations strategy.   These are activities that make a company realize some success in a competitive business world.The two papers differ in analyzing the contents more significantly.   For example paper on strategic management shows how different procedures can be used by a company or industry to increase its production.   If the entrepreneurs follow the different strategies then fruitful results would be obtained.   Paper on risk management or entrepreneur’s perception on risk new touches about management strategies.   Instead it shows us how the perception or worldview of the entrepreneur on risk can enable him minimize the losses and maximize the profits.The argument and analysis made on paper dealing with strategic planning carries some weight and stronger findings as compared to the paper on entrepreneurship, structural charge, growth, time and risk.   The differences come because the research approach in the first one is more deta iled and a number of data collection methods have been used.   For example survey was done before the actual questionnaire was posted.   Research finding were also analyzed and supported with some figures unlike in the case of the other paper.   Introduction of the paper containing strategic planning is clear and understandable by almost to everybody, good English has also been used that everybody can capture.   Explanation and differentiation of different terminologies has also been expressed showing that the paper is just too good.In conclusion the research on new enterprise operations can bring tremendous changes in the business world.   If the entrepreneur’s use the findings obtained from the research effectively then the world will change very fast as far as business operation is concerned.   Improvement in production quality and managerial skills require strategies, which are properly laid down.   These strategies should work on environmental analysis, det ermination of corporate mission and building a competitive advantage such as low price, good quality, after sale services, broad product lines and high benefits.REFERENCEAnita, M. (2004). How Industries Change. Harvard Business Review, 82 (10) October, pp.87-94.Dernarest, M. (1997). Understanding Knowledge management: Long Range Planning, 30  (3) Pp.374-384Holcombe, R.G. (1998).   Entrepreneurship and Economic growth. Quarterly journal of AustrianEconomics, 1 (2), pp. 45-62.Mintzberg, H. (1990).   The design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategicManagement journal, 1(3), pp. 171-195.

Apocalypse

The element of sound is very important throughout the entire film Apocalypse Now. It contributes to the greatness of the film. I believe sound itself could tell the story. The movie starts out with the sound of one helicopter from the action of the scene flying over the jungle. We then hear the quiet beginning of the song The End by The Doors, which was layered on to the scene. The music increases with time as Jim Morrison starts singing and we hear the sounds of more helicopters going by, though the sounds of the song do not seem to relate rhythmically to whats happening in the scene. All sounds, at this point, are getting louder and more complex, giving us a feeling of excitement and realism, witnessing this in front of us. At the most intense point of this sound montage, Morrisons voice stops and we are subjected to just the sound of the drums from the song and the loudening helicopters from the scene. The helicopters fade out and the drums seem to have a solo. All the sounds, the song, the helicopters, now slowly come to end by the whop sound of an overhead ceiling fan, which we see in the scene. For me, Willard in his room was the most intense and complex sound montage. It also affected me more as a viewer because it lead me more in depth to the life of Willard and the personal struggles he was having with the war. At the moment when all we hear is the ceiling fan, Willard looks out the window. He was bored in the room and wanted a mission so he wouldnt continue to go crazy. We can hear the sounds of a city outside his window. Then the sounds of a jungle were then added to the scene. These noises, birds, crickets and other wildlife, bring the viewer into his world from our world of reality. This scene parallels Willard to Kurtz in many ways. They both are going mad from the war. They both are alone and fighting with the thoughts in their heads. Fi...

Sir Francis Drake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sir Francis Drake - Essay Example Sir Francis also paved a way for trade to many other nations, including Far East, which made England a spice trade central point. Participation in trade helped Britain gain more popularity and wealth for a long period. Sir Francis was able to raid Spanish successfully through its ports and carried away much wealth to England. Raid activities made him gain a lot of wealth for his nation which was indirectly supported by Elizabeth 1. Sir Francis was also the first adventurer and captain to sail all over the world. 2He had qualities of a leader, since he was able to influence people into obtaining wealth and raiding nation successfully. He had a known behavior of eliminating people who stood on his way towards implementation of his plans. Sir Francis raided ports belonging to other nations, carrying away gold and silver back to his country. Raiding activities made Britain strong in power at the expense of the other nations. Countries like Portugal and Spanish were highly affected and their economy was left unstable. New trade was established to many countries, which acted as an exit for many surplus products produced in several states. Sir Francis was important to Britain for his achievement in bringing more wealth to the country in terms of gold and silver. This move was achieved through raids executed on specific ports where cargo ships were found. 3He also became important to his nation by enabling it control strategic routes on sea to far areas of the world. He made more victories than failures which gave his country a chance to gain great power. Sir Francis was never a victim of failure in any assignment which was ever undertaken on behalf of his country. He was never held back by conscience in attaining victory compared to other adventurers who would retreat due to their inner self. He attained fame through his enemies and not from Englishmen who walked with him. His uniqueness was also based on experience in plundering which substituted

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Not sure - Essay Example However, although rituals were important to Confucius, he had a very strict sense of duty. Confucius viewed rituals as one of the duties an individual must always do, and emphasized this particularly when he would be appointed by a duke or a king as an advisor. In analyzing the Confucian analects, Slingerland (67) states that â€Å"Confucius felt the rituals (even if they were being enacted by someone else), and remained profoundly affected by the emotions they evoked.† In the contemporary Chinese society, there were different powerful countries and tribes who wished to identify themselves distinctly from each other. Rituals thus became means to assert one’s identity and sometimes, they were very elaborate and strict. However, these elaborate and sometimes, magnificent rituals would be observed superficially. People might ignore the inner meaning and zest of the rituals they practiced. Confucius was not one among them. Likewise, he instructed his followers to practice the traditional rituals with not only extravagance but sincerity too. Therefore, in his lifetime, Confucius remained a source of inspiration and information for those who wished to follow the different contemporary rituals correctly and sincerely. Translating the Book Seventeen from the Analects of Confucius, Slingerland (209) notes that in one of the accounts from the Record of Rituals, Confucius used to give ritual instructions to guide his disciples and emphasize the antiquity of Chinese culture. There were different kinds of rituals in the Chinese society about which the researchers obtain considerable information from Confucius’s teachings. For example, there were certain funerary rituals. Some rituals were supposed to mark certain life events like reaching adulthood. Other rituals included strict methods for doing worship, making sacrifices, going to warfare, etc. However, Confucius did not pressurize his contemporaries to accept his doctrine of sincere and if necessary extravagant